A stock is essentially a piece of a company. You are a shareholder when you own a stock. The shareholder will share in the companies profits and has a voice about how the company is run.

The company sells stock because they want to get capital, to expand the business or some other reason. An example would be when company needs to purchase new property or have extra cash. Its projected value depends on the growth and success of the company.

Purchasing stocks in a new company would be considered risky considering the new company does not have a proven track record. Investing in a company that has been reputable will have a much lower risk factor. Although purchasing stock in a new company that eventually is very successful will yield a great return,

NASDAQ (the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System) and NYSE (the New York Stock Exchange) are where companies sell their shares to the open market. You may buy stocks that are not listed through the exchange but this is a topic for another article.

If you are to invest in stocks, you will need a broker for the transactions. It is best to have a broker who can correspond with other brokers to move the stocks. The investor may tell his broker to keep an eye on a stock to buy or sell when it reaches a certain price. The brokers will follow every instruction by the investor in exchange for commissions.

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